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Ali Abdel Raziq
Ali Abdel Raziq ((アラビア語:ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻕ))
(1888-1966) was an Egyptian scholar of Islam, religious judge, and government minister.〔Marshall Cavendish Reference. Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World Muslim World. Marshall Cavendish, 2010 ISBN 9780761479291 p.79.〕 His writings—some controversial at the time—debated the role of religion and Islamic history in 20th century politics and government.〔 While the implication of his arguments still remain a point of debate, his 1925 book ''Islam and the Foundations of Governance'' argued against a role for religion in politics or the political prescriptive value of religious texts.〔〔Souad T. Ali. A religion, not a state: Ali 'Abd al-Raziq's Islamic justification of political secularism. University of Utah Press, 2009. ISBN 9780874809510〕〔Thomas M. Leonard (ed). Encyclopedia of the Developing World, Volume 2. Taylor & Francis, 2006. ISBN 9781579583880. p.878.〕 He argued that Islamic texts were and should remain neutral in political debate and civil institution building.〔 He attended Oxford University〔 and was a scholar and jurist at al-Azhar in Cairo.〔
==Biography==
Ali Abdel Raziq was born in 1888 to a well off family. His father Hassan Abdel Raziq was a large farm-owner and was in 1907 among the founders of the Umma Party.〔 His brother Mustafa Abdul Raziq—a well known philosopher—studied at Al-Azhar University under the famous reformer Muhammad Abduh.〔 Ali later received his "Alim" degree at Al-Azhar in 1911. In 1912 he traveled to Oxford University to study Economics and Political Science, but returned to Cairo at the outbreak of the First World War.〔 Back at Al-Azhar in 1915, he also became Cadi (religious judge) at Mansoura. Ali became famous for his book ''Islam and the Foundations of Governance'' (''Al-Islam Wa Usul Al-Hukm'') published in 1925, and ''Consensus and Islamic Law'' (''Al-Ijma´ Fi Ash-Shari´ah Al-Islamiyyah'') in 1947.〔 Following the popular debate around his 1925 book, Al-Azhar stripped him of his office, though he was re-instituted in the 1940s. Ali, his father, and his brother remained close to the Liberal Constitutional Party.〔Panayiotis J. Vatikiotis. Egypt since the revolution. Issue 7 of Studies on modern Asia and Africa. Praeger, 1968. pp.151-152.〕 He eventually became a government minister and lost his position as scholar and jurist at al-Azhar.〔 He twice served as Minister of Endowments, one of the three highest positions in religious administration beside the Rector of Al-Azhar and the Grand Mufti. He died in December 1966.〔
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